frm文件(MYSQL数据文件-表结构恢复)

了解MYSQL的都知道,在MYSQL中建立任何一张数据表,在其数据目录对应的数据库目录下都有对应表的.frm文件,.frm文件是用来保存每个数据表的元数据(meta)信息,包括表结构的定义等,.frm文件跟数据库存储引擎无关,也就是任何存储引擎的数据表都必须有.frm文件,命名方式为数据表名.frm,如user.frm. .frm文件可以用来在数据库崩溃时恢复表结构。

下面说说如何通过.frm文件恢复数据表结构。

一. InnoDB表结构的恢复

假定:MYSQL数据库已经崩溃,目前只有对应表的frm文件,大家都知道,frm文件无法通过文本编辑器查看,因为如果不恢复,基本上来说对我们没什么用。这里我们为了测试,假定该文件为test_innodb.frm.

该表创建脚本如下:

mysql> create table test_innodb

   -> (A int(11) default NULL,
   -> B varchar(30) default NULL,
   -> C date default NULL) engine=innodb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

恢复方法介绍(过程):

1. 在新的正常工作的MYSQL环境下建立一个数据库,比如aa.

2. 在aa数据库下建立同名的数据表test_innodb,表结构随意,这里只有一个id字段,操作过程片段如下:

mysql> create table test_innodb (id bigint not null)engine=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+————–+
| Tables_in_aa |
+————–+
| test_innodb |
+————–+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test_innodb;
+——-+————+——+—–+———+——-+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+——-+————+——+—–+———+——-+
| id    | bigint(20) | NO      | NULL          |
+——-+————+——+—–+———+——-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.停止mysql服务器,将系统崩溃后留下的test_innodb.frm文件拷贝到新的正常数据库的数据目录aa下,覆盖掉下边同名的frm文件:

4.重新启动MYSQL服务。

5.测试下是否恢复成功,进入aa数据库,用desc命令测试下:

mysql> desc test_innodb;
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
| A     | int(11)     | YES      | NULL          |
| B     | varchar(30) | YES      | NULL          |
| C     | date        | YES      | NULL          |
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

OK,发现表结构已经恢复过来了。

二. MyISAM表结构的恢复。

MyISAM类型的表恢复相对比较简单。

同样先假定需要恢复的表的FRM文件为test_myisam.frm,表结构为

mysql> create table test_myisam
   -> (A int(11) default NULL,
   -> B varchar(30) default NULL,
   -> C date default NULL) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

恢复过程如下:

1. 直接将test_myisam.frm拷贝到正常数据库对应的数据目录下。这时测试

mysql> show tables;
+————–+
| Tables_in_aa |
+————–+
| test_innodb |
| test_myisam |
+————–+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test_myisam;
ERROR 1017 (HY000): Can’t find file: ’test_myisam’ (errno: 2)

发现只能通过show tables命令看见表名,但是表结构还是没有恢复,desc命令报错。

2. 在与test_myisam.frm同一目录建立以下2个文件,文件内容可以为空:

test_myisam.MYD test_myisam.MYI

3. 在MYSQL命令行使用MYSQL本身的数据表恢复命令repair命令恢复表,如下:

mysql> repair table test_myisam USE_FRM;
+—————–+——–+———-+———-+
| Table           | Op     | Msg_type | Msg_text |
+—————–+——–+———-+———-+
| aa.test_myisam | repair | status   | OK       |
+—————–+——–+———-+———-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

根据结果可以知道,恢复命令执行成功,下边用desc命令测试下:

mysql> desc test_myisam;
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
| A     | int(11)     | YES      | NULL          |
| B     | varchar(30) | YES      | NULL          |
| C     | date        | YES      | NULL          |
+——-+————-+——+—–+———+——-+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

果然恢复成功了。

也可以用show create table命令测试下:

mysql> show create table test_myisam;
+————–+—————————————————————–
———————————————————————-+
| Table        | Create Table
                                                                     |
+————–+—————————————————————–
———————————————————————-+
| test_myisam | Create TABLE `test_myisam` (
 `A` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `B` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
 `C` date DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+————–+—————————————————————–
———————————————————————-+

在恢复MyISAM表结构时,提到MYD文件和MYI文件,这两个文件都专属于MyISAM存储引擎的,前者用来保存MyISAM表的数据,后者用来存放MyISAM表的索引信息。具体在以后的日志再做详细介绍,这里不再赘述。
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